霍元彤欣 丰松江
By Huoyuan Tongxin and Feng Songjiang
在日前举行的联合国“负责任外空行为准则”开放式工作组会议上，美国代表宣称，美方呼吁其他国家效仿其之前承诺的不再进行破坏性直升式反卫星导弹试验，并表示拟向联合国提交相关决议草案。
At the recent UN Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) meeting on “norms of responsible behaviors in space”, the American representative called upon other countries to follow its step in no longer conducting “destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite missile testing” and planned to submit a draft resolution to the UN.
然而，如此冠冕堂皇的说辞依旧掩盖不了美方的惺惺作态——
Such a resounding rhetoric cannot cover up America’s spuriousness.
一方面，早在1959年，即人类发射首颗人造地球卫星两年后，美国就开始进行直升式反卫星武器试验。如今，美国的反卫星手段已十分完备，并能够利用反导装备形成实战化反卫星能力，早已不再需要进行破坏性直升式反卫星导弹试验。
On the one hand, the US began to carry out direct-ascent anti-satellite weapon testing as early as in 1959, two years after the first manmade earth satellite was launched. Now that its anti-satellite means is fully developed and it has possessed real-combat anti-satellite capability using relevant devices, the US has no need for such testing anymore.
另一方面，美方拟提交的决议草案仅涉及试验，未提及反卫星武器的研发、生产、部署和使用，这充分表明美方倡议是片面的，不会对自身构成丝毫约束，军控意义也十分有限，对推动国际外空军控进程没有实际价值。
On the other hand, the draft resolution the US said it would submit to the UN only concerns testing without any mention of the R&D, production, deployment and use of anti-satellite weapons, which is downright evidence that its proposal is only restrictive to others but would not restrain itself in the least. Such a draft resolution has little meaning for arms control and almost zero value for promoting the process in the outer space.
从历史和现实角度看，美国始终坚持视太空为战略竞争的关键博弈点，从未停止单方面谋取外空战略优势，其妄图独霸太空的野心有增无减。从退出《反弹道导弹条约》到加强与盟国在太空领域的多边合作；从将太空作为作战疆域、积极推进太空军组建进程，到积极研制太空攻防武器装备和开展太空军事演习，美国一直在加快太空军事力量体系建设的步伐，并致力于建立以其自身为主导的太空秩序。
Both in history and reality, the US has always viewed the space as a key domain for strategic competition. It has never stopped seeking unilateral strategic advantages in the outer space and its ambition for space domination has only swelled. From exiting the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (ABM) to strengthening multilateral cooperation with its allies in the space, from taking the space as a battlefield and actively forming the Space Force to developing space attack/defense weapons and holding space drills, the US has been taking faster steps to build its space military forces and committed to fostering a space order dominated by itself.
不久前，美国防部签署并发布新版太空政策文件，公然将太空视为“美国家军事力量优先领域”，谋求太空持久战略优势，增强太空领域威慑力，要求美太空军“在外空、从外空、向外空作战”。同时文件还提出要为美国的国家安全、经济利益以及美国盟友伙伴的利益捍卫太空使用权，并巩固美国作为太空经济领导者的“绝对地位”。这直白地表明，美国不仅仅是追求提升太空军事力量压制其他国家，以取得太空“军事霸权”，还要以“军事霸权”为后盾和筹码，为夺取太空经济、秩序等方面的绝对优势保驾护航，进而全面把持制天权。
In its newly released Space Policy, the US DoD blatantly called the space “a priority domain of national military power”, and asked the US Space Force to operate “in, from and to space” in parallel in order to secure sustained strategic advantages and reinforce deterrence in space. The document also vowed to “defend the use of space for U.S. national security purposes, the U.S. economy, and allies and partners of the United States”, and to consolidate its own position as the absolute leader of space economy. Such unveiled wording clearly shows that the US is not only trying to fortify its space forces to suppress other countries for “military hegemony” in space, but also wants to use this hegemony as a leverage to secure absolute advantage in terms of space economy and order, and consequently control the space on all fronts.
除大力发展太空攻防作战能力、不断扩大单边军事优势外，美国还伙同澳大利亚、加拿大等国共同发布《联合太空作战愿景2031》，借机加深利益捆绑，整合国内外可用的太空力量，提高太空体系化作战能力，为保持美国太空优势提供助力。
In addition to strongly promoting its capability of space offensive/defensive operations and augmenting unilateral military advantages, the US has also issued the Combined Space Operations Vision 2031 together with Australia, Canada and other countries. That gave it an opportunity to further bind their interests together, integrate space forces available both at home and overseas, and enhance the ability of systematic space operations, so as to further ramp up its own edge in space.
外空领域公认的国际法基石——联合国《外层空间条约》庄严宣告，为和平目的发展探索和利用外层空间是全人类的共同利益。然而，美国对此充耳不闻。2017年，因美国的独家反对，联合国防止外空军备竞赛政府专家组未能达成报告，国际社会相关努力就此停滞不前。如今，美国又单方面基于自身利益炮制所谓的“外空行为准则”为其太空“军事霸权”背书。
As the acknowledged cornerstone for international law over the outer space, the UN Outer Space Treaty recognizes the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, which, however, falls on deaf ears of the US. In 2017, the UN Group of Governmental Experts on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space failed to present a report due to America’s unilateral objection, halting the efforts of the whole international community. Now it is the US again that is unilaterally cooking up the so-called “tenets of responsible behavior” – based on its own, selfish interests – to endorse its endeavor for “military hegemony” in space.
随着人类太空探索的持续深入以及航天技术的快速发展，太空已经成为现代社会赖以生产生活的重要支撑，也被视为关乎国家总体安全与发展的战略领域。作为全人类的共同财富，太空应该被和平探索利用。美国一味强势推进太空武器化军事化，势必导致太空不安全、不稳定、不可控因素增多，值得国际社会高度警惕。
With the sustaining and deepening human exploration into the space and the rapid development of aerospace technologies, the space has become a key domain underpinning the production and life of modern society, and is seen as a strategic field concerning the country’ overall security and development. As the common asset of all mankind, it should be explored and used in peaceful ways and for peaceful purposes. America’s aggressive weaponization and militarization of the space, which is bound to make the space insecure, unstable, and uncontrollable, calls for high vigilance of the international community.
（作者单位：航天工程大学太空安全研究中心）
(The author is from the Space Security Research Center of Space Engineering University)
