赵畅 宋岳
By Zhao Chang and Song Yue
8月26日，《不扩散核武器条约》（下称《条约》）第十次审议大会在纽约联合国总部闭幕。因为存在分歧，会议未能就成果文件达成一致。会议期间，美国枉顾自身一系列消极举措，对别国核不扩散政策指指点点，甚至抹黑攻击，引发国际社会广泛批评。作为《条约》存约国和核武器国家，美国近年来持续冲击核不扩散体系，是不折不扣的《条约》破坏者。
The Tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) concluded at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on August 26. Because of differences, the conference ended without the adoption of an outcome document. During the meeting, the US ignored a series of its own negative measures, pointed fingers at other countries' nuclear non-proliferation policies, or even smeared them, which aroused widespread criticism from the international community. As the depositary of the NPT and a nuclear-weapon state, the US has continued to attack the nuclear non-proliferation regime in recent years, being an outright destroyer of the NPT.
此次审议大会期间，包括印度尼西亚在内的多国代表就美英澳核潜艇合作问题表达关切，认为三国基于军事目的使用和分享核技术与核材料违反《条约》精神。美英身为《条约》存约国，作为核武器国家，决定向无核武器国家转让核潜艇动力堆和数以吨计的武器级高浓铀，构成严重核扩散风险。同时，三国核潜艇合作威胁亚太各国安全，挑动阵营对抗，刺激军备竞赛，对南太平洋无核区和东南亚无核武器区造成严重损害，是对《条约》目的和宗旨的公然践踏。然而，美英澳三国全然不顾各方反对，执意推进核潜艇合作，逆国际和平的时代潮流而动，倒行逆施、不得人心。
During the conference, representatives of many countries including Indonesia expressed their concerns on the issue of nuclear submarine cooperation between the US, Britain and Australia, and believed that the use and sharing of nuclear technology and nuclear materials by the three countries for military purposes violated the spirit of the NPT. The US and Britain, as depositaries of the NPT and nuclear-weapon states, have decided to transfer nuclear submarine power reactors and tons of weapons-grade highly enriched uranium to a non-nuclear-weapon state. This posed a serious risk of nuclear proliferation. At the same time, the nuclear submarine cooperation of the three countries threatens the security of Asia-Pacific countries, provokes the camp confrontation, stimulates an arms race, and causes serious damage to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone (SPNFZ) and the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ). It is a blatant violation of the purpose and spirit of the NPT. However, the US, Britain and Australia insisted on advancing nuclear submarine cooperation despite the opposition of all parties, and acted against the trend of the times for international peace. Such an attempt to go against the tide of history will not win the heart of the people.
在伊核问题上，美国单方面撕毁伊朗核问题全面协议，使得国际社会为解决伊朗核问题做出的努力付诸东流。伊核协议来之不易，是由安理会决议核可的多边外交重要成果，是国际核不扩散体系和中东地区和平稳定的重要支柱。尽管眼下拜登政府表示有意愿恢复伊核协议谈判，但并不愿做出实质性妥协，并且在谈判最终达成协议前，美国仍然坚持对伊朗进行制裁施压和武力威胁。
On the Iranian nuclear issue, the US unilaterally tore up the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and wasted the international community's efforts to resolve the issue. The Iran nuclear deal was hard-won. It is an important achievement of multilateral diplomacy approved by the UN Security Council, and an important pillar of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East. Although the Biden administration has expressed its willingness to resume negotiations on the Iran nuclear deal, it is unwilling to make substantive compromises. The US still insists on sanctions and threats of force against Iran until a final agreement is reached.
与对待伊核问题的态度不同，美国默许其重要盟国日本拥有乏燃料后处理技术，囤积大量核武器材料；逐步放松对韩国在后处理及导弹研制方面的限制。美国近来的种种“核共享”操作充分暴露了其对国际核不扩散体系和国际规则的虚伪与双标，严重加剧地区核冲突风险和紧张态势，破坏全球和平与稳定。
Different from its attitude towards the Iranian nuclear issue, the US acquiesced to its important ally, Japan’s possession of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing technology and a large number of nuclear weapons materials. The US gradually relaxed restrictions on the ROK in reprocessing and missile development. The recent "nuclear sharing" by the US has fully exposed its hypocrisy and double standards for the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and international rules, seriously exacerbated the risks and tensions of regional nuclear conflicts and undermined global peace and stability.
美国还消极对待国际核军控进程，大开历史倒车，先后退出《中导条约》《开放天空条约》等一系列重要军控条约，并对谈判新的核裁军条约设置附加条件。与此同时，美持续强化核力量建设，发展新型核弹头、低当量核武器、高超音速武器等，并计划在未来10年投入近6340亿美元，对“三位一体”核力量进行全面升级换代。此次审议大会期间，广大无核武器国家在一般性辩论中对国际核裁军进程迟缓表达严重不满。美国一味谋求绝对军事优势和核霸权，导致全球核武库向下削减的趋势出现停滞甚至逆转，已成为国际核裁军进程的主要障碍。
The US has also negatively treated the international nuclear arms control process, reversed the historical process, and successively withdrawn from a series of important arms control treaties such as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and the Treaty on Open Skies, and set additional conditions for the negotiation of new nuclear disarmament treaties. At the same time, the US has continued to strengthen its nuclear force and develop new types of nuclear warheads, low-yield nuclear weapons, and hypersonic weapons. And it plans to invest nearly 634 billion US dollars in the next 10 years to comprehensively upgrade its nuclear triad. During the review conference, the majority of non-nuclear-weapon states expressed their serious dissatisfaction with the slow progress of international nuclear disarmament in the general debate. The US's blind pursuit of absolute military superiority and nuclear hegemony has led to stagnation or even reversal of the downward trend of the global nuclear arsenal, which has become a major obstacle to the process of international nuclear disarmament.
人类是不可分割的命运共同体，全球各方须不断加强《条约》的普遍性、权威性和有效性，坚决抵制和揭露美国的虚伪和霸权主义本质，为国际社会增加更多的稳定性与确定性，坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，为维护世界和平和安全作出贡献。
Mankind is an inseparable community with a shared future. All parties in the world must continuously strengthen the universality, authority, and effectiveness of the NPT, resolutely resist and expose the hypocrisy and hegemonic nature of the US and add more stability and certainty to the international community. We should adhere to the common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, and contribute to maintaining world peace and security.
（作者单位：中核战略规划研究总院）
(The author is from the China Institute of Nuclear Industry Strategy )
