潘宇翔 叶星国
By Pan Yuxiang, Ye Xingguo
“美‘星链’卫星两次接近中国空间站，中方实施‘紧急避碰’。”近期，这则消息引起世人广泛关注。
The news that America’s Starlink satellites had two close encounters with the Chinese space station, and the Chinese side implemented preventive collision avoidance control has caught extensive attention recently.
作为美国SpaceX公司着力打造的太空计划，“星链”起初计划由分布于3个不同轨道的约1.2万颗卫星组成“星座”；随后他们又提出新的申请，计划增加3万颗卫星，使“星链”卫星总数达到约4.2万颗。这个数目，是全球目前在轨卫星总数的5倍。整个“星座”预计在2027年建成，将极可能改变未来互联网接入方式。
As a space program initiated by the American company SpaceX, the Starlink was originally designed to be a constellation comprising about 12,000 satellites distributed on three different orbits. Later the company applied to add another 30,000 satellites to increase the total number to 42,000, which is five times the number of all global satellites currently in orbit. The Starlink program, expected to be completed in 2027, will very likely change the future of Internet access.
“星链”作为太空计划，到底是致力于为全球提供太空互联网服务，还是助力美军织起笼罩世界的“太空网”？
But is it really intended to provide the world with space-based Internet services, or to help the US military weave a space network shrouding the whole world?
据某权威机构披露，早在2019年，美军就给予“星链”大量资助，并已在其战机等作战平台上安装“星链”卫星通信系统，以验证美军在作战中与“星链”的互联互通。或许，美军对“星链”的军事应用潜力挖掘，远不止于此。
An authoritative organization revealed that the US military forked out a lot of money for Starlink as early as 2019 and has already installed its satellite communication system on warplanes and other combat platforms to verify the connectivity. The Pentagon’s efforts to tap Starlink’s potential for military purposes may very well go beyond that.
有专家表示，未来，“星链”卫星在美军军事上的应用将日益彰显——
Experts said the Starlink satellites will play an ever bigger role in America’s military operations.
可提供攻防兼备的太空对抗手段。“星链”卫星具备在轨机动能力，且数量极多。因此，具有较强的太空对抗能力，不仅可保护己方高价值重要卫星，还可对对手的关键卫星实施自杀式打击。
It can provide offensive&defensive means of space combat. Of an enormous amount and capable of in-orbit maneuvering, the Starlink is strong in space confrontation, not only able to protect its own high-value satellites, but also launch a suicidal attack on the key satellites of the enemy side.
具有潜在的反导用途。数万颗“星链”卫星相当于在太空织成几层“大网”，结合其在轨机动能力，可配合地基导弹防御系统，拦截穿越其轨道高度的洲际弹道导弹，极大提升美军反导能力与抗饱和打击能力，必要时相邻的“星链”卫星甚至可实施对撞自毁，产生大量空间碎片，封锁特定轨道，以拦截经过的弹道导弹。
It has the potential for anti-missile purposes. The tens of thousands of Starlink satellites constitute layers of a giant network in the space, which, combined with its in-orbit maneuverability, can work with the land-based missile defense system to intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles flying in that orbit, thus significantly enhancing the US forces’ capability of countering missiles and anti-saturation attacks. Adjacent satellites in this programmay even collide with each other for self-destruction if necessary, generating myriads of debris that would block certain orbits and consequently intercept the passing ballistic missiles.
可能引发连锁碰撞，威胁近地轨道安全。“星链”计划加上美国其他互联网“星座”计划，将使未来近地轨道“星座”数量以十倍、数十倍量级增加。一旦发生碰撞，有可能产生一系列连锁反应，引发轨道“交通拥堵”，致使整个近地轨道无法使用。
It may trigger chain collisions and threaten security on low-earth orbits. The Starlink program and other Internet constellation plans in the US will increase the number of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites by tens of times. Any collision may trigger chain effects that would cause “traffic congestion” and render all LEOs useless.
披着民用外衣的“星链”，不能不引起人们警惕。
The Starlink with a civil cloak causes high alert.
作为美国太空领域的战略对手，为了撕开美国织起的“太空网”，俄罗斯对外宣称，自2010年推行太空能力现代化建设以来，俄已开发出几乎所有类型的新型太空对抗武器，包括直接上升式动能反低轨卫星武器、共轨式动能反卫星武器、机载激光器平台等，具备卫星上行链路和用户终端干扰与欺骗能力、网络攻击能力、对付各种轨道卫星的太空对抗技术能力等，能够威胁美国的各种太空系统。
To rip open this US-woven “space network”, Russia, the strategic rival of the US in the space domain, claimed that it has developed almost all types of new space combat weapons since it launched the space capability modernization campaign in 2010. These weapons include direct-ascent kinetic energy anti-LEO-satellite (DA-KE-ASAT) weapons, co-orbital kinetic energy anti-satellite (KE-ASAT) weapons, and aircraft-borne laser platforms. They can jam and deceive the satellite uplink and user devices, attack cyberspace, and counter the space combat technology of satellites on different orbits – enough to threaten America’s space systems.
太空作为人类的共同资源，进行探索和利用涉及人类的共同利益，任何国家都不能为所欲为，轨道空间更不是美国独享的专利。
Space is a common resource shared by all humanity and exploring and using it concerns humanity’s common interests. No country shall have its full swing, much less is the orbital space America’s exclusive privilege.
