王鹏
By Wang Peng
今年上半年以来，美军以太平洋地区为中心，频繁举行各类军事演习，这些演习的想定主要是备战以中俄为潜在对象的大规模作战。其中，最典型的就是“北方利刃-21”和“大规模演习-2021”两场演习。
From the beginning of this year, the US military has conducted multiple military exercises centered on the Pacific region one after another, represented by the Northern Edge 21 and Large Scale Exercise (LSE) 2021. The major scenario of these exercises is to get prepared for large-scale operations with China and Russia as potential targets.
5月3日至14日，美军在阿拉斯加组织了由印太司令部规划，美国空军主导，美国陆军、海军配合的“北方利刃-21”大型联合演习。此次演习，共有1.5万名美军参加，出动了包括F-35隐身战斗机、F-15战斗机、B-52战略轰炸机、MQ-9无人机等240余架作战飞机，“罗斯福”号航空母舰等6艘舰艇也参加了演习。
From May 3 to 14, the joint exercise Northern Edge 21 took place in Alaska. Organized by United States Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) and led by the Air Force in cooperation with the Army, Marines and Navy, this exercise has involved a total of 15,000 troops, more than 240 combat aircraft including stealth fighter F-35A, combat fighter F-15, strategic bomber B-52 and UAV MQ-9 Reapers, as well as 6 warships including the USS Theodore Roosevelt.
在此次“北方利刃-21”演习中，美军重点演练了高超声速武器杀伤链、GPS卫星导航系统抗干扰与反诱骗能力、四代机与五代机电子攻击战术等运用于高强度战争的典型课目。特别是检验了美国空军正在全力推进的“敏捷快速战斗部署”作战概念，演习应对“高端对手”的战略意图非常明显。
In this exercise, the US military focused on representative subjects in high-intensity warfare, such as the employment of hypersonic kill chain, anti-jam and anti-decoy capabilities of the GPS, and integration of fourth- and fifth-generation aircraft . In particular, the Agile Combat Employment (ACE), a newly proposed operational concept by the US Air Force, has been tested in the exercise, and markedly targeted "high-end opponents".
8月3日至16日，美国海军与海军陆战队进行的名为“大规模演习-2021”超大规模军事演习更是凸显了美军备战大规模作战的战略意图。此次则涉及美军部署在本土、非洲、欧洲和太平洋地区的多个军事基地，包括美国海军第二、第三、第六、第七、第十舰队和海军陆战队3支远征部队，总计36个单位的官兵直接参加，另在全球范围内还有50个单位远程加入。演习范围跨越17个时区，参演兵力包括航空母舰、潜艇、战机、无人舰艇以及2.5万名美军，无论是演习规模还是演习范围，均创美国海军历史之最。
The LSE 2021, which has been held from August 3 to 16, also highlighted the US Navy and Marine Corps’ strategic intention on thelarge-scale operations. It involved multiple US military bases deployed in the US, Africa, Europe, and the Pacific, with the second, third, sixth, seventh, and tenth fleets of the US Navy and 3 expeditionary strike groups of the US Marine Corps included, totaling approximately 36 live units and over 50 virtual units joining the exercise. The exercise covers 25,000 participants across 17 time zones, as well as aircraft carriers, submarines, fighters, unmanned vessels that can rank top both in terms of the scale and scope in the history of the US Navy.
“大规模演习-2021” 通过虚拟系统与实兵相结合的方法同时对数个新型作战概念进行首次实战演习验证，特别是要检验海军部队在与俄罗斯等大国发生冲突时开展远距离作战的战法。美军未来计划每3年举行一次“大规模演习”，并继续扩大演习规模，以后还会吸收盟国和伙伴国参加。
In the LSE 2021, the verification of several new operational concepts was conducted for the first time through the combination of virtual systems and real forces in this actual combat exercise, especially aiming to test the long-range operations of the US Navy in conflicts with Russia or other major powers. The US military plans tohold the LSE every three years in the future as scheduled, and continue to expand the scale of the exercise to get more US allies and partner countries involved.
美军今年所举行的大规模、多频次演习，核心战略目的是借演习进行对华兵力部署的战略调整，这一点在美国海陆空三军的演习中均有体现。
The core purpose of these frequent large-scale exercises conducted by the US military is but to make strategic adjustments to the deployment of US troops in resisting China, which has been reflected in the exercises of the US Navy, Army and Air Forces.
6月4日，美国海军太平洋舰队网站消息称，美国太平洋舰队出动了三分之一的潜艇前往指定地点，参加“敏捷匕首-2021”军事演习。演习中的潜艇在很短时间内迅速离开了常驻军港珍珠港-希卡姆联合基地，向外界展示了其在高度机动部署中的敏捷性与杀伤力。
According to the report from the US Pacific Fleet website on June 4 that a third of the US Pacific Submarine Force was dispatched to participate in the Exercise Agile Dagger 2021. The submarines involved quickly left the Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (JBPHH) in a short period, demonstrating its agility and lethality in maneuvering deployment.
7月11日至8月6日，美国陆军在关岛举行“觅食者-21”演习，约4000名美军参加，旨在检验和提升美国陆军向太平洋地区部署地面部队、实施指挥控制，以及高效开展多域战的能力。
The US Army held the Exercise Forager 21 in Guam from July 11 to August 6. This exercise involving about 4,000 participants aims to test and improve the US Army’s ability in deploying ground forces to the Pacific, implementing command and control, and conducting multi-domain warfare with high efficiency.
7月14日，美国《星条旗报》网站报道称，7月中旬，美国空军驻夏威夷国民警卫队举行名为“太平洋钢铁-2021”的演习。据悉，总计超过35架作战飞机和800名人员参加，包括25架来自夏威夷和阿拉斯加的F-22战斗机。演习主要依托关岛3个机场和提尼安岛1个机场进行。美媒认为，“太平洋钢铁-2021”演习是美国太平洋空军司令部的动态兵力部署行动，目的是向印太司令部责任区“投射兵力”。
According to the Stars and Stripes' website, in mid-July, the United States National Guard of Air Force based in Hawaii held Pacific Iron 2021. The exercise involved a total of more than 35 combat aircraft and 800 troops, including 25 F-22 fighter jets from Hawaii and Alaska, and centered on 3 airports in Guam and 1 airport in Tinian. The US media believed that Pacific Iron 2021 is a PACAF dynamic force employment operation to project forces to the Area of Responsibility (AOR) of USINDOPACOM.
对中国进行战略威慑已经成为当前美国的重要战略行动。基于军事同盟的联合演习和联合训练是美军在太平洋地区对华实施战略威慑的重要形式。特别是在当前美军从阿富汗仓促撤军，战略形象严重受挫的不利态势下，依靠“人多势众”的军事同盟，是其在太平洋地区与“潜在对手”进行战略博弈的重要砝码。
Strategic deterrence against China has been the top priority in the US strategic actions. Joint exercises and joint training based on military alliances act as an important form in the US military's strategic deterrence against China in the Pacific region. This is especially in the current unfavorable situation where the US military has withdrawn from Afghanistan in a hurry and strategic image get severely ruined. Relying on its military alliances of multiple countries is an important method for its strategic game with "potential opponents" in the Pacific.
Editor's note: This article is originally published on China Youth Daily, and is translated from Chinese into English and edited by the China Military Online. The information, ideas or opinions appearing in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of eng.chinamil.com.cn.
