China, Russia, India: unique tripartite powers

中俄印,特殊的“地区大三角”

Source
China Military Online
Editor
Li Wei
Time
2021-08-06 17:40:10

张弘

By Zhang Hong

俄罗斯正在与印度举行联合军演,也将于下周同中国举行联合大规模军演。根据俄媒体报道,这两场军演反映了俄罗斯外交的新变化,具有一定的战略意义。

Recently, Russia is busy having joint military exercises with China and India respectively. These exercises, reported by Russian media, reflect new changes in Moscow’s diplomatic policy and are strategically significant.

自拜登执政以来,俄罗斯与西方关系继续恶化。美国不仅在军事上对俄罗斯进行围堵,而且还以人权、自由和民主为由频繁干涉俄罗斯内政。因此,俄罗斯更加重视东方外交,特别是与中国、印度等亚洲国家的关系。

The relation between Russia and the West has kept deteriorating since Biden took office. The US has not only besieged Russia in military but also frequently interfered in its internal affairs on the excuse of human rights, freedom and democracy. Therefore, Russia attached more importance to its eastward diplomacy, especially the relations with Asian countries like China and India.

2014年乌克兰危机后,美国为首的北约将俄罗斯视为主要安全威胁,在俄罗斯周边频繁举行大规模军演,向乌克兰提供军事援助,东欧的地缘安全环境日趋复杂。为了回应西方的军事挑战,莫斯科开始进一步加强与中国、印度等伙伴国家的军事互动,通过定期的联合演习展示军事实力,提升处置地区安全危机的能力。

After the Ukraine crisis in 2014, the US-led NATO, seeing Russia as a chief security threat, has held frequent large-scale military exercises around the country and provided military assistance to Ukraine, further complicating the geo-security environment in east Europe. In response to the West’s military challenges, Moscow began to strengthen military interactions with partners like Beijing and New Delhi, and held regular joint exercises to demonstrate its military strengths and enhance its ability to deal with regional security crises.

首先,联合军演旨在提升俄罗斯的大国影响力。在拜登政府的鼓动下,俄罗斯与欧盟的经济合作关系开始出现裂痕,欧盟内部质疑俄罗斯的声音越来越多。

Specifically speaking, first, the joint military exercises are aimed at enhancing Russia's influence as a major power. Due to the Biden administration, the economic collaboration between Russia and the European Union (EU) gradually sees cracks and more doubts on the Russia emerge within the EU.

为了反击西方的安全压力和外交孤立,普京选择了加强东方外交,其中巩固与中国、印度的关系就成为俄罗斯外交的重要环节之一。7月份公布的《俄罗斯国家安全战略》明确表达了对俄中、俄印关系的高度重视,强调“在不结盟基础上,在亚太地区构建可靠的地区稳定和安全保障机制”。俄分别与中国、印度举行军演,有助于俄罗斯打破西方国家的战略围堵和外交孤立。

To fight against the West's security pressure and diplomatic isolation, Putin decided to strengthen the ties with the East, and consolidating the relations with China and India is a key part. Russia unveiled its new National Security Strategy in July, which explicitly displayed the close attention paid by Russia to its relations with China and India, as it stressed the importance of "forming a reliable mechanism of regional stability and security guarantee in the Asia Pacific on the basis of non-alliance". The separate joint military exercises with China and India will help Russia break the strategic containment and diplomatic isolation imposed by the West.

其二,联合军演有助于显示俄罗斯的军事实力。冷战结束后,俄罗斯继承了苏联先进的军事工业,这也是其维持大国地位最为坚实的物质基础。拜登执政以来,北约继续向东渗透,开始抵近克里米亚半岛,双方甚至到了战争“一触即发”的地步。6月23日,英国军舰不顾俄军警告进入其近海巡航,引发俄军实弹炮击警告。

Second, the joint military exercises can showcase Russia’s military strengths. After the end of the Cold War, Russia inherited the advanced military industry from the Soviet Union, which was the most solid material foundation for maintaining its position as a major country. Since Biden took office, NATO continued to expand eastward and began to approach the Crimea peninsula, driving bilateral relations to the verge of war. On June 23, British warships entered Russia's littoral waters for patrol regardless of warnings issued by the Russian military, which then fired shells to warn the intruders.

面对北约的不断逼近,莫斯科一方面加快军事现代化速度,另一方面也加快与中国、印度等战略伙伴的互动。联合军演不仅是战略伙伴军事协作的主要内容之一,而且还是展示俄罗斯军事实力的重要窗口,警告敌人不做任何可能的冒险行为。在“因陀罗-2021”俄印联合演习中,俄罗斯展示最新型的海军护卫舰和联合打击能力。另据俄媒报道,俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古将受邀参加在宁夏举行的联合演习,观摩演习过程。这两场军演既反映俄罗斯外交的新动向,也显示俄与中印两国较强的战略协调能力。

The pressure from NATO has prompted Moscow to not only accelerate its military modernization but also intensify the interaction with strategic partners including China and India. The joint military exercise is a key part of the military collaboration among strategic partners as well as an important way of showcasing Russia's military strengths and deterring the enemy from taking any risk. During the Indo-Russia joint military exercise, Exercise INDRA 2021, Moscow displayed its latest naval frigates and combined assault capability. Russian media also reported that their Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu has been invited to view the exercise in Ningxia, China. The two exercises reflect new dynamics in Russia’s diplomacy and demonstrate its capability of strategic coordination with China and India.

其三,联合军演有助于遏制美国的霸权主义。冷战结束后,美国凭借其经济、科技和军事实力,不仅试图将自己的价值观强加于其他国家,通过单方面制裁公然干涉主权国家的内政,而且还多次通过军事手段颠覆他国政权。

Third, the joint military exercises will help resist American hegemonism. After the Cold War, the US, leveraged on its economic, technological and military strengths, has not only tried to force its values upon other countries and blatantly interfered in the internal affairs of other sovereign states through unilateral sanction, but has also overthrown foreign regimes through military means.

俄罗斯与中国、印度都是上海合作组织成员国,是维护世界和平和多边主义的重要力量。我们一直倡导尊重联合国在国际事务中的主导地位,反对大国以人权和安全为由军事干涉他国内政,反对强行输出政治制度和价值观。没有其他任何国际组织,更不用说军事联盟,能够动摇联合国对国际事务的主导权。避免美国进行军事干预冲动的最好办法就是增强自身的军事实力,通过伙伴国家间的战略协作,扩大多边主义的影响力,增强抵制美国霸权主义和单边主义的能力。

As member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO), Russia, China and India are all important forces in safeguarding world peace and multilateralism. We’ve always advocated respecting the UN’s dominant position in international affairs, and opposed major countries interfering in others’ internal affairs on the excuse of human rights and security and forcing their political systems and values on others. No other international organizations, much less military alliances, can shake the UN’s lead over international affairs. The best way to prevent the US from military interference is to enhance our own military capabilities, expand the influence of multilateralism and fortify the resistance against America’s hegemonism and unilateralism through strategic collaboration with partners.

尽管中国与印度存在领土争端,但在两国共同努力下,基本实现了对分歧的有效管控。中印两国对于维护地区和平、促进多边主义的国际秩序有着相似立场。俄罗斯通过平衡地与中国、印度开展战略合作,也在一定程度上促进了三国关系的战略稳定,使得中俄印三国的战略互动成为可能。

China and India have made united efforts to effectively control their divergences despite their territorial disputes. The two countries share similar stances on preserving regional peace and promoting a multilateral international order. Russia’s balanced strategic cooperation with them in a way boosts the tripartite strategic stability and makes the strategic interaction possible.

(作者是中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚所研究员)

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Russian, Eastern European & Central Asian Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Editor's note: This article is originally published on huanqiu.com, and is translated from Chinese into English and edited by the China Military Online. The information, ideas or opinions appearing in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of eng.chinamil.com.cn.

 

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